The thirty lunar days
The lunar day is the oldest of the counts on this site and the only one that genuinely depends on where you stand. It begins at the new Moon, turns over at every moonrise, and each of the thirty carries a symbol in the Russian tradition.
The first day of a lunation runs from the exact moment of the new Moon to the next moonrise, and is often only a few hours long.
Every day after that is one moonrise to the next, about twenty four hours and fifty minutes, which is why the count slides against the clock.
A lunation holds twenty nine or thirty of them, and one with only twenty nine moonrises never reaches the thirtieth day. That is also what decides the symbol of the twenty eighth, black lotus in the short month and white in the long one.
All thirty, and when each one begins
The start and end of every lunar day are calculated in your browser from the new Moon and from the moonrises in the city at the top of this page, with an open astronomy library. Two cities a few hundred kilometres apart can be on different lunar days at the same moment, and that is not an error. The thirty symbols follow the Russian tradition set out by P. Globa in the late twentieth century; the sources page says what is calculated and what is tradition.